/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

package org.apache.datasketches.hllmap;

import java.util.Arrays;

import org.apache.datasketches.common.SketchesArgumentException;
import org.apache.datasketches.hash.MurmurHash3;

/**
 * Implements a key-value map where the value is a simple array of coupons. Search operations are a
 * simple traverse of the consecutive coupons. Because of this, the maximum practical size of the
 * coupon array is about 8 coupons.
 *
 * <p>The map is implemented as a prime-sized, Open Address, Double Hash, with deletes and a 1-bit
 * state array. The size of this map can grow or shrink.
 *
 * @author Lee Rhodes
 * @author Alexander Saydakov
 * @author Kevin Lang
 */
final class CouponTraverseMap extends Map {
  private static final double RSE = 0.408 / Math.sqrt(1024);
  //private static int
  private final int maxCouponsPerKey_;

  private int tableEntries_;
  private int capacityEntries_;
  private int numActiveKeys_;
  private int numDeletedKeys_;
  private double entrySizeBytes_;

  //Arrays
  private byte[] keysArr_;
  private short[] couponsArr_;

  /**
   * <ul><li>State: 0: Empty always, don't need to look at 1st coupon. Coupons could be dirty.</li>
   * <li>State: 1: Valid entry or dirty. During rebuild, look at the first coupon to determine.
   * If first coupon != 0 means valid entry; first coupon == 0: dirty (we set to 0 when deleted)</li>
   * </ul>
   */
  private byte[] stateArr_;

  private CouponTraverseMap(final int keySizeBytes, final int maxCouponsPerKey) {
    super(keySizeBytes);
    maxCouponsPerKey_ = maxCouponsPerKey;
  }

  static CouponTraverseMap getInstance(final int keySizeBytes, final int maxCouponsPerKey) {
    final CouponTraverseMap map = new CouponTraverseMap(keySizeBytes, maxCouponsPerKey);
    map.tableEntries_ = COUPON_MAP_MIN_NUM_ENTRIES;
    map.capacityEntries_ = (int)(map.tableEntries_ * COUPON_MAP_GROW_TRIGGER_FACTOR);
    map.numActiveKeys_ = 0;
    map.numDeletedKeys_ = 0;
    map.entrySizeBytes_ = updateEntrySizeBytes(map.tableEntries_, keySizeBytes, maxCouponsPerKey);

    map.keysArr_ = new byte[COUPON_MAP_MIN_NUM_ENTRIES * keySizeBytes];
    map.couponsArr_ = new short[COUPON_MAP_MIN_NUM_ENTRIES * maxCouponsPerKey];
    map.stateArr_ = new byte[COUPON_MAP_MIN_NUM_ENTRIES_ARR_SIZE];
    return map;
  }

  @Override //used for test
  double update(final byte[] key, final short coupon) {
    final int entryIndex = findOrInsertKey(key);
    return update(entryIndex, coupon);
  }

  @Override
  double update(final int entryIndex, final short value) {
    final int offset = entryIndex * maxCouponsPerKey_;
    boolean wasFound = false;
    for (int i = 0; i < maxCouponsPerKey_; i++) {
      if (couponsArr_[offset + i] == 0) {
        if (wasFound) { return i; }
        couponsArr_[offset + i] = value;
        return i + 1;
      }
      if (couponsArr_[offset + i] == value) {
        wasFound = true;
      }
    }
    if (wasFound) { return maxCouponsPerKey_; }
    return -maxCouponsPerKey_; //signal to promote
  }

  @Override
  double getEstimate(final byte[] key) {
    final int entryIndex = findKey(key);
    if (entryIndex < 0) { return 0; }
    return getCouponCount(entryIndex);
  }

  @Override
  double getUpperBound(final byte[] key) {
    return getEstimate(key) * (1 + RSE);
  }

  @Override
  double getLowerBound(final byte[] key) {
    return getEstimate(key) * (1 - RSE);
  }

  /**
   * Returns entryIndex if the given key is found. If not found, returns one's complement entryIndex
   * of an empty slot for insertion, which may be over a deleted key.
   * @param key the given key
   * @return the entryIndex
   */
  @Override
  int findKey(final byte[] key) {
    final long[] hash = MurmurHash3.hash(key, SEED);
    int entryIndex = getIndex(hash[0], tableEntries_);
    int firstDeletedIndex = -1;
    final int loopIndex = entryIndex;
    do {
      if (isBitClear(stateArr_, entryIndex)) {
        return firstDeletedIndex == -1 ? ~entryIndex : ~firstDeletedIndex; // found empty or deleted
      }
      if (couponsArr_[entryIndex * maxCouponsPerKey_] == 0) { //found deleted
        if (firstDeletedIndex == -1) { firstDeletedIndex = entryIndex; }
      } else if (Map.arraysEqual(keysArr_, entryIndex * keySizeBytes_, key, 0, keySizeBytes_)) {
        return entryIndex; // found key
      }
      entryIndex = (entryIndex + getStride(hash[1], tableEntries_)) % tableEntries_;
    } while (entryIndex != loopIndex);
    throw new SketchesArgumentException("Key not found and no empty slots!");
  }

  @Override
  int findOrInsertKey(final byte[] key) {
    int entryIndex = findKey(key);
    if (entryIndex < 0) {
      entryIndex = ~entryIndex;
      if (isBitSet(stateArr_, entryIndex)) { // reusing slot from a deleted key
        clearCouponArea(entryIndex);
        numDeletedKeys_--;
      }
      if ((numActiveKeys_ + numDeletedKeys_ + 1) > capacityEntries_) {
        resize();
        entryIndex = ~findKey(key);
        assert entryIndex >= 0;
      }
      System.arraycopy(key, 0, keysArr_, entryIndex * keySizeBytes_, keySizeBytes_);
      setBit(stateArr_, entryIndex);
      numActiveKeys_++;
    }
    return entryIndex;
  }

  @Override
  void deleteKey(final int entryIndex) {
    couponsArr_[entryIndex * maxCouponsPerKey_] = 0;
    numActiveKeys_--;
    numDeletedKeys_++;
    if ((numActiveKeys_ > COUPON_MAP_MIN_NUM_ENTRIES)
        && (numActiveKeys_ < (tableEntries_ * COUPON_MAP_SHRINK_TRIGGER_FACTOR))) {
      resize();
    }
  }

  private int getCouponCount(final int entryIndex) {
    final int offset = entryIndex * maxCouponsPerKey_;
    for (int i = 0; i < maxCouponsPerKey_; i++) {
      if (couponsArr_[offset + i] == 0) {
        return i;
      }
    }
    return maxCouponsPerKey_;
  }

  @Override
  CouponsIterator getCouponsIterator(final int entryIndex) {
    return new CouponsIterator(couponsArr_, entryIndex * maxCouponsPerKey_, maxCouponsPerKey_);
  }

  @Override
  double getEntrySizeBytes() {
    return entrySizeBytes_;
  }

  @Override
  int getTableEntries() {
    return tableEntries_;
  }

  @Override
  int getCapacityEntries() {
    return capacityEntries_;
  }

  @Override
  int getCurrentCountEntries() {
    return numActiveKeys_ + numDeletedKeys_;
  }

  @Override
  long getTotalUsageBytes() {
    return keysArr_.length
        + ((long)couponsArr_.length * Short.BYTES)
        + stateArr_.length + (4L * Integer.BYTES);
  }

  @Override
  int getActiveEntries() {
    return numActiveKeys_;
  }

  @Override
  int getDeletedEntries() {
    return numDeletedKeys_;
  }

  @Override
  int getMaxCouponsPerEntry() {
    return maxCouponsPerKey_;
  }

  @Override
  int getCapacityCouponsPerEntry() {
    return maxCouponsPerKey_;
  }

  private void resize() { //can grow or shrink
    final byte[] oldKeysArr = keysArr_;
    final short[] oldCouponsArr = couponsArr_;
    final byte[] oldStateArr = stateArr_;
    final int oldSizeKeys = tableEntries_;
    tableEntries_ = Math.max(
      nextPrime((int) (numActiveKeys_ / COUPON_MAP_TARGET_FILL_FACTOR)),
      COUPON_MAP_MIN_NUM_ENTRIES
    );
    capacityEntries_ = (int)(tableEntries_ * COUPON_MAP_GROW_TRIGGER_FACTOR);
    numActiveKeys_ = 0;
    numDeletedKeys_ = 0;
    entrySizeBytes_ = updateEntrySizeBytes(tableEntries_, keySizeBytes_, maxCouponsPerKey_);

    keysArr_ = new byte[tableEntries_ * keySizeBytes_];
    couponsArr_ = new short[tableEntries_ * maxCouponsPerKey_];
    stateArr_ = new byte[(int) Math.ceil(tableEntries_ / 8.0)];

    //move data
    for (int i = 0; i < oldSizeKeys; i++) {
      if (isBitSet(oldStateArr, i) && (oldCouponsArr[i * maxCouponsPerKey_] != 0)) {
        final byte[] key =
            Arrays.copyOfRange(oldKeysArr, i * keySizeBytes_, (i * keySizeBytes_) + keySizeBytes_);
        final int index = insertKey(key);
        System.arraycopy(oldCouponsArr, i * maxCouponsPerKey_, couponsArr_,
            index * maxCouponsPerKey_, maxCouponsPerKey_);
      }
    }
  }

  // for internal use during resize, so no resize check here
  private int insertKey(final byte[] key) {
    final long[] hash = MurmurHash3.hash(key, SEED);
    int entryIndex = getIndex(hash[0], tableEntries_);
    final int loopIndex = entryIndex;
    do {
      if (isBitClear(stateArr_, entryIndex)) {
        System.arraycopy(key, 0, keysArr_, entryIndex * keySizeBytes_, keySizeBytes_);
        setBit(stateArr_, entryIndex);
        numActiveKeys_++;
        return entryIndex;
      }
      entryIndex = (entryIndex + getStride(hash[1], tableEntries_)) % tableEntries_;
    } while (entryIndex != loopIndex);
    throw new SketchesArgumentException("Key not found and no empty slots!");
  }

  private void clearCouponArea(final int entryIndex) {
    final int couponAreaIndex = entryIndex * maxCouponsPerKey_;
    for (int i = 0; i < maxCouponsPerKey_; i++) {
      couponsArr_[couponAreaIndex + i] = 0;
    }
  }

  private static final double updateEntrySizeBytes(final int tableEntries, final int keySizeBytes,
      final int maxCouponsPerKey) {
    final double byteFraction = Math.ceil(tableEntries / 8.0) / tableEntries;
    return keySizeBytes + ((double) maxCouponsPerKey * Short.BYTES) + byteFraction;
  }

}
