// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
// distributed with this work for additional information
// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
// specific language governing permissions and limitations
// under the License.
package com.cloud.consoleproxy;

import com.cloud.utils.net.NetUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.eclipse.jetty.websocket.api.Session;
import org.eclipse.jetty.websocket.api.WebSocketException;
import org.eclipse.jetty.websocket.api.extensions.Frame;

import java.awt.Image;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;

import com.cloud.consoleproxy.vnc.NoVncClient;

public class ConsoleProxyNoVncClient implements ConsoleProxyClient {
    protected Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(getClass());
    private static int nextClientId = 0;

    private NoVncClient client;
    private Session session;

    protected int clientId = getNextClientId();
    protected long ajaxSessionId = 0;

    protected long createTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    protected long lastFrontEndActivityTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

    private boolean connectionAlive;

    private ConsoleProxyClientParam clientParam;
    private String sessionUuid;

    private ByteBuffer readBuffer = null;
    private int flushThreshold = -1;

    public ConsoleProxyNoVncClient(Session session) {
        this.session = session;
    }

    private int getNextClientId() {
        return ++nextClientId;
    }

    @Override
    public void sendClientRawKeyboardEvent(InputEventType event, int code, int modifiers) {
    }

    @Override
    public void sendClientMouseEvent(InputEventType event, int x, int y, int code, int modifiers) {
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isHostConnected() {
        return connectionAlive;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isFrontEndAlive() {
        long unusedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - getClientLastFrontEndActivityTime();
        if (!connectionAlive || unusedTime > ConsoleProxy.VIEWER_LINGER_SECONDS * 1000) {
            logger.info("Front end has been idle for too long ({} ms).", unusedTime);
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    public void sendClientFrame(Frame f) throws IOException {
        byte[] data = new byte[f.getPayloadLength()];
        f.getPayload().get(data);
        client.write(data);
    }

    @Override
    public void initClient(ConsoleProxyClientParam param) {
        setClientParam(param);
        client = new NoVncClient();
        connectionAlive = true;
        this.sessionUuid = param.getSessionUuid();
        String clientSourceIp = param.getClientIp();
        logger.debug("Initializing client from IP {}.", clientSourceIp);

        updateFrontEndActivityTime();
        Thread worker = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                try {
                    String tunnelUrl = param.getClientTunnelUrl();
                    String tunnelSession = param.getClientTunnelSession();
                    String websocketUrl = param.getWebsocketUrl();

                    connectClientToVNCServer(tunnelUrl, tunnelSession, websocketUrl);
                    authenticateToVNCServer(clientSourceIp);

                    // Track consecutive iterations with no data and sleep accordingly. Only used for NIO socket connections.
                    int consecutiveZeroReads = 0;
                    int sleepTime = 1;
                    while (connectionAlive) {
                        logger.trace("Connection with client [{}] [IP: {}] is alive.", clientId, clientSourceIp);
                        if (client.isVncOverWebSocketConnection()) {
                            if (client.isVncOverWebSocketConnectionOpen()) {
                                updateFrontEndActivityTime();
                            }
                            connectionAlive = session.isOpen();
                            sleepTime = 1;
                        } else if (client.isVncOverNioSocket()) {
                            ByteBuffer buffer = getOrCreateReadBuffer();
                            int bytesRead = client.readAvailableDataIntoBuffer(buffer, buffer.remaining());

                            if (bytesRead > 0) {
                                updateFrontEndActivityTime();
                                consecutiveZeroReads = 0; // Reset counter on successful read

                                sleepTime = 0; // Still no sleep to catch any remaining data quickly
                            } else {
                                connectionAlive = session.isOpen();
                                consecutiveZeroReads++;
                                // Use adaptive sleep time to prevent excessive busy waiting
                                sleepTime = Math.min(consecutiveZeroReads, 10); // Cap at 10ms max
                            }

                            final boolean bufferHasData = buffer.position() > 0;
                            if (bufferHasData && (bytesRead == 0 || buffer.remaining() <= flushThreshold)) {
                                buffer.flip();
                                logger.trace("Flushing buffer with [{}] bytes for client [{}]", buffer.remaining(), clientId);
                                session.getRemote().sendBytes(buffer);
                                buffer.compact();
                            }
                        } else {
                            ByteBuffer buffer = getOrCreateReadBuffer();
                            buffer.clear();
                            int readBytes = client.read(buffer.array());
                            logger.trace("Read [{}] bytes from client [{}].", readBytes, clientId);
                            if (readBytes > 0) {
                                // Update buffer position to reflect bytes read and flip for reading
                                buffer.position(readBytes);
                                buffer.flip();
                                if (!sendReadBytesToNoVNC(buffer)) {
                                    connectionAlive = false;
                                }
                            } else if (readBytes == -1) {
                                connectionAlive = false;
                            }
                            sleepTime = 1;
                        }
                        if (sleepTime > 0 && connectionAlive) {
                            try {
                                Thread.sleep(sleepTime);
                            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                                logger.error("Error on sleep for vnc sessions", e);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    logger.info("Connection with client [{}] [IP: {}] is dead.", clientId, clientSourceIp);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    logger.error("Error on VNC client", e);
                }
            }

        });
        worker.start();
    }

    private boolean sendReadBytesToNoVNC(ByteBuffer buffer) {
        try {
            // Buffer is already prepared for reading by flip()
            session.getRemote().sendBytes(buffer);
            updateFrontEndActivityTime();
        } catch (WebSocketException | IOException e) {
            logger.error("VNC server connection exception.", e);
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Authenticate to VNC server when not using websockets
     *
     * Since we are supporting the 3.8 version of the RFB protocol, there are changes on the stages:
     * 1. Handshake:
     *    1.a. Protocol version
     *    1.b. Security types
     * 2. Security types
     * 3. Initialisation
     *
     * Reference: https://github.com/rfbproto/rfbproto/blob/master/rfbproto.rst#7protocol-messages
     */
    private void authenticateToVNCServer(String clientSourceIp) throws IOException {
        if (client.isVncOverWebSocketConnection()) {
            logger.debug("Authentication skipped for client [{}] [IP: {}] to VNC server due to WebSocket protocol usage.", clientId, clientSourceIp);
            return;
        }

        if (!client.isVncOverNioSocket()) {
            logger.debug("Authenticating client [{}] [IP: {}] to VNC server.", clientId, clientSourceIp);
            String ver = client.handshake();
            session.getRemote().sendBytes(ByteBuffer.wrap(ver.getBytes(), 0, ver.length()));

            byte[] b = client.authenticateTunnel(getClientHostPassword());
            session.getRemote().sendBytes(ByteBuffer.wrap(b, 0, 4));
        } else {
            logger.debug("Authenticating client [{}] [IP: {}] to VNC server through NIO Socket.", clientId, clientSourceIp);
            authenticateVNCServerThroughNioSocket();
        }
        logger.debug("Client [{}] [IP: {}] has been authenticated successfully to VNC server.", clientId, clientSourceIp);
    }

    /**
     * Handshaking messages consist on 3 phases:
     * - ProtocolVersion
     * - Security
     * - SecurityResult
     *
     * Reference: https://github.com/rfbproto/rfbproto/blob/master/rfbproto.rst#71handshaking-messages
     */
    protected void handshakePhase() {
        handshakeProtocolVersion();
        int securityType = handshakeSecurity();
        handshakeSecurityResult(securityType);

        client.waitForNoVNCReply();
    }

    protected void handshakeSecurityResult(int secType) {
        client.processHandshakeSecurityType(secType, getClientHostPassword(),
                getClientHostAddress(), getClientHostPort());

        client.processSecurityResultMsg();
        byte[] securityResultToClient = new byte[] { 0, 0, 0, 0 };
        sendMessageToVNCClient(securityResultToClient, 4);
        client.setWaitForNoVnc(true);
    }

    protected int handshakeSecurity() {
        int secType = client.handshakeSecurityType();
        byte[] numberTypesToClient = new byte[] { 1, (byte) secType };
        sendMessageToVNCClient(numberTypesToClient, 2);
        return secType;
    }

    protected void handshakeProtocolVersion() {
        ByteBuffer verStr = client.handshakeProtocolVersion();
        sendMessageToVNCClient(verStr.array(), 12);
    }

    protected void authenticateVNCServerThroughNioSocket() {
        handshakePhase();
        initialisationPhase();
    }

    /**
     * Initialisation messages consist on:
     * - ClientInit
     * - ServerInit
     *
     * Reference: https://github.com/rfbproto/rfbproto/blob/master/rfbproto.rst#73initialisation-messages
     */
    private void initialisationPhase() {
        byte[] serverInitByteArray = client.readServerInit();

        String displayNameForVM = String.format("%s %s", clientParam.getClientDisplayName(),
                client.isTLSConnectionEstablished() ? "(TLS backend)" : "");
        byte[] bytesServerInit = rewriteServerNameInServerInit(serverInitByteArray, displayNameForVM);

        sendMessageToVNCClient(bytesServerInit, bytesServerInit.length);
        client.setWaitForNoVnc(true);
        client.waitForNoVNCReply();
    }

    /**
     * Send a message to the noVNC client
     */
    private void sendMessageToVNCClient(byte[] arr, int length) {
        try {
            session.getRemote().sendBytes(ByteBuffer.wrap(arr, 0, length));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            logger.error("Error sending a message to the noVNC client", e);
        }
    }

    protected static byte[] rewriteServerNameInServerInit(byte[] serverInitBytes, String serverName) {
        byte[] serverNameBytes = serverName.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        ByteBuffer serverInitBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(24 + serverNameBytes.length);
        serverInitBuffer.put(serverInitBytes, 0, 20);
        serverInitBuffer.putInt(serverNameBytes.length);
        serverInitBuffer.put(serverNameBytes);
        return serverInitBuffer.array();
    }

    /**
     * Connect to a VNC server in one of three possible ways:
     * - When tunnelUrl and tunnelSession are not empty -> via tunnel
     * - When websocketUrl is not empty -> connect to websocket
     * - Otherwise -> connect to TCP port on host directly
     */
    private void connectClientToVNCServer(String tunnelUrl, String tunnelSession, String websocketUrl) {
        try {
            if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(websocketUrl)) {
                logger.info(String.format("Connect to VNC over websocket URL: %s", websocketUrl));
                ConsoleProxy.ensureRoute(NetUtils.extractHost(websocketUrl));
                client.connectToWebSocket(websocketUrl, session);
            } else if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(tunnelUrl) && StringUtils.isNotBlank(tunnelSession)) {
                URI uri = new URI(tunnelUrl);
                logger.info(String.format("Connect to VNC server via tunnel. url: %s, session: %s",
                        tunnelUrl, tunnelSession));

                ConsoleProxy.ensureRoute(uri.getHost());
                client.connectTo(uri.getHost(), uri.getPort(), uri.getPath() + "?" + uri.getQuery(),
                        tunnelSession, "https".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme()));
            } else {
                logger.info(String.format("Connect to VNC server directly. host: %s, port: %s",
                        getClientHostAddress(), getClientHostPort()));
                ConsoleProxy.ensureRoute(getClientHostAddress());
                client.connectTo(getClientHostAddress(), getClientHostPort());
            }

            logger.info("Connection to VNC server has been established successfully.");
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            logger.error("Unexpected exception while connecting to VNC server.", e);
        }
    }

    private void setClientParam(ConsoleProxyClientParam param) {
        this.clientParam = param;
    }

    private ByteBuffer getOrCreateReadBuffer() {
        if (readBuffer == null) {
            readBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(ConsoleProxy.defaultBufferSize);
            logger.debug("Allocated {} KB read buffer for client [{}]", ConsoleProxy.defaultBufferSize / 1024 , clientId);

            // Only apply batching logic for NIO TLS connections to work around 16KB record limitation
            // For non-TLS or non-NIO connections, use immediate flush for better responsiveness
            if (client != null && client.isVncOverNioSocket() && client.isTLSConnectionEstablished()) {
                flushThreshold = Math.min(ConsoleProxy.defaultBufferSize / 4, 2048);
                logger.debug("NIO TLS connection detected - using batching with threshold {} for client [{}]", flushThreshold, clientId);
            } else {
                flushThreshold = ConsoleProxy.defaultBufferSize + 1; // Always flush immediately
                logger.debug("Non-TLS or non-NIO connection - using immediate flush for client [{}]", clientId);
            }
        }
        return readBuffer;
    }

    @Override
    public void closeClient() {
        this.connectionAlive = false;
        // Clear buffer reference to allow GC when client disconnects
        this.readBuffer = null;
        ConsoleProxy.removeViewer(this);
    }

    @Override
    public String getSessionUuid() {
        return sessionUuid;
    }

    @Override
    public int getClientId() {
        return this.clientId;
    }

    @Override
    public long getAjaxSessionId() {
        return this.ajaxSessionId;
    }

    @Override
    public AjaxFIFOImageCache getAjaxImageCache() {
        // Unimplemented
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Image getClientScaledImage(int width, int height) {
        // Unimplemented
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public String onAjaxClientStart(String title, List<String> languages, String guest) {
        // Unimplemented
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public String onAjaxClientUpdate() {
        // Unimplemented
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public String onAjaxClientKickoff() {
        // Unimplemented
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public long getClientCreateTime() {
        return createTime;
    }

    public void updateFrontEndActivityTime() {
        logger.trace("Updating last front end activity time.");
        lastFrontEndActivityTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    }

    @Override
    public long getClientLastFrontEndActivityTime() {
        return lastFrontEndActivityTime;
    }

    @Override
    public String getClientHostAddress() {
        return clientParam.getClientHostAddress();
    }

    @Override
    public int getClientHostPort() {
        return clientParam.getClientHostPort();
    }

    @Override
    public String getClientHostPassword() {
        return clientParam.getClientHostPassword();
    }

    @Override
    public String getClientTag() {
        if (clientParam.getClientTag() != null)
            return clientParam.getClientTag();
        return "";
    }

    public Session getSession() {
        return session;
    }

}
