This is binutils.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.2 from
binutils.texi.

START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* Binutils: (binutils).         The GNU binary utilities.
* ar: (binutils)ar.               Create, modify, and extract from archives
* nm: (binutils)nm.               List symbols from object files
* objcopy: (binutils)objcopy.	  Copy and translate object files
* objdump: (binutils)objdump.     Display information from object files
* ranlib: (binutils)ranlib.       Generate index to archive contents
* readelf: (binutils)readelf.	  Display the contents of ELF format files.
* size: (binutils)size.           List section sizes and total size
* strings: (binutils)strings.     List printable strings from files
* strip: (binutils)strip.         Discard symbols
* c++filt: (binutils)c++filt.	  Filter to demangle encoded C++ symbols
* cxxfilt: (binutils)c++filt.     MS-DOS name for c++filt
* addr2line: (binutils)addr2line. Convert addresses to file and line
* nlmconv: (binutils)nlmconv.     Converts object code into an NLM
* windres: (binutils)windres.	  Manipulate Windows resources
* dlltool: (binutils)dlltool.	  Create files needed to build and use DLLs
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY

   Copyright (C) 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 2000, 2001, 2002
Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
Free Documentation License".


File: binutils.info,  Node: objdump,  Next: ranlib,  Prev: objcopy,  Up: Top

objdump
*******

     objdump [`-a'|`--archive-headers']
             [`-b' BFDNAME|`--target=BFDNAME']
             [`-C'|`--demangle'[=STYLE] ]
             [`-d'|`--disassemble']
             [`-D'|`--disassemble-all']
             [`-z'|`--disassemble-zeroes']
             [`-EB'|`-EL'|`--endian='{big | little }]
             [`-f'|`--file-headers']
             [`--file-start-context']
             [`-g'|`--debugging']
             [`-h'|`--section-headers'|`--headers']
             [`-i'|`--info']
             [`-j' SECTION|`--section='SECTION]
             [`-l'|`--line-numbers']
             [`-S'|`--source']
             [`-m' MACHINE|`--architecture='MACHINE]
             [`-M' OPTIONS|`--disassembler-options='OPTIONS]
             [`-p'|`--private-headers']
             [`-r'|`--reloc']
             [`-R'|`--dynamic-reloc']
             [`-s'|`--full-contents']
             [`-G'|`--stabs']
             [`-t'|`--syms']
             [`-T'|`--dynamic-syms']
             [`-x'|`--all-headers']
             [`-w'|`--wide']
             [`--start-address='ADDRESS]
             [`--stop-address='ADDRESS]
             [`--prefix-addresses']
             [`--[no-]show-raw-insn']
             [`--adjust-vma='OFFSET]
             [`-V'|`--version']
             [`-H'|`--help']
             OBJFILE...

   `objdump' displays information about one or more object files.  The
options control what particular information to display.  This
information is mostly useful to programmers who are working on the
compilation tools, as opposed to programmers who just want their
program to compile and work.

   OBJFILE... are the object files to be examined.  When you specify
archives, `objdump' shows information on each of the member object
files.

   The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are
equivalent.  At least one option from the list
`-a,-d,-D,-f,-g,-G,-h,-H,-p,-r,-R,-S,-t,-T,-V,-x' must be given.

`-a'
`--archive-header'
     If any of the OBJFILE files are archives, display the archive
     header information (in a format similar to `ls -l').  Besides the
     information you could list with `ar tv', `objdump -a' shows the
     object file format of each archive member.

`--adjust-vma=OFFSET'
     When dumping information, first add OFFSET to all the section
     addresses.  This is useful if the section addresses do not
     correspond to the symbol table, which can happen when putting
     sections at particular addresses when using a format which can not
     represent section addresses, such as a.out.

`-b BFDNAME'
`--target=BFDNAME'
     Specify that the object-code format for the object files is
     BFDNAME.  This option may not be necessary; OBJDUMP can
     automatically recognize many formats.

     For example,
          objdump -b oasys -m vax -h fu.o

     displays summary information from the section headers (`-h') of
     `fu.o', which is explicitly identified (`-m') as a VAX object file
     in the format produced by Oasys compilers.  You can list the
     formats available with the `-i' option.  *Note Target Selection::,
     for more information.

`-C'
`--demangle[=STYLE]'
     Decode ("demangle") low-level symbol names into user-level names.
     Besides removing any initial underscore prepended by the system,
     this makes C++ function names readable.  Different compilers have
     different mangling styles. The optional demangling style argument
     can be used to choose an appropriate demangling style for your
     compiler. *Note c++filt::, for more information on demangling.

`-G'

`--debugging'
     Display debugging information.  This attempts to parse debugging
     information stored in the file and print it out using a C like
     syntax.  Only certain types of debugging information have been
     implemented.

`-d'
`--disassemble'
     Display the assembler mnemonics for the machine instructions from
     OBJFILE.  This option only disassembles those sections which are
     expected to contain instructions.

`-D'
`--disassemble-all'
     Like `-d', but disassemble the contents of all sections, not just
     those expected to contain instructions.

`--prefix-addresses'
     When disassembling, print the complete address on each line.  This
     is the older disassembly format.

`--disassemble-zeroes'
     Normally the disassembly output will skip blocks of zeroes.  This
     option directs the disassembler to disassemble those blocks, just
     like any other data.

`-EB'
`-EL'
`--endian={big|little}'
     Specify the endianness of the object files.  This only affects
     disassembly.  This can be useful when disassembling a file format
     which does not describe endianness information, such as S-records.

`-f'
`--file-header'
     Display summary information from the overall header of each of the
     OBJFILE files.

`--file-start-context'
     Specify that when displaying interlisted source code/disassembly
     (assumes `-S') from a file that has not yet been displayed, extend
     the context to the start of the file.

`-h'
`--section-header'
`--header'
     Display summary information from the section headers of the object
     file.

     File segments may be relocated to nonstandard addresses, for
     example by using the `-Ttext', `-Tdata', or `-Tbss' options to
     `ld'.  However, some object file formats, such as a.out, do not
     store the starting address of the file segments.  In those
     situations, although `ld' relocates the sections correctly, using
     `objdump -h' to list the file section headers cannot show the
     correct addresses.  Instead, it shows the usual addresses, which
     are implicit for the target.

`--help'
     Print a summary of the options to `objdump' and exit.

`-i'
`--info'
     Display a list showing all architectures and object formats
     available for specification with `-b' or `-m'.

`-j NAME'
`--section=NAME'
     Display information only for section NAME.

`-l'
`--line-numbers'
     Label the display (using debugging information) with the filename
     and source line numbers corresponding to the object code or relocs
     shown.  Only useful with `-d', `-D', or `-r'.

`-m MACHINE'
`--architecture=MACHINE'
     Specify the architecture to use when disassembling object files.
     This can be useful when disassembling object files which do not
     describe architecture information, such as S-records.  You can
     list the available architectures with the `-i' option.

`-M OPTIONS'
`--disassembler-options=OPTIONS'
     Pass target specific information to the disassembler.  Only
     supported on some targets.

     If the target is an ARM architecture then this switch can be used
     to select which register name set is used during disassembler.
     Specifying `-M reg-name-std' (the default) will select the
     register names as used in ARM's instruction set documentation, but
     with register 13 called 'sp', register 14 called 'lr' and register
     15 called 'pc'.  Specifying `-M reg-names-apcs' will select the
     name set used by the ARM Procedure Call Standard, whilst
     specifying `-M reg-names-raw' will just use `r' followed by the
     register number.

     There are also two variants on the APCS register naming scheme
     enabled by `-M reg-names-atpcs' and `-M reg-names-special-atpcs'
     which use the ARM/Thumb Procedure Call Standard naming
     conventions.  (Either with the normal register name or the special
     register names).

     This option can also be used for ARM architectures to force the
     disassembler to interpret all instructions as Thumb instructions by
     using the switch `--disassembler-options=force-thumb'.  This can be
     useful when attempting to disassemble thumb code produced by other
     compilers.

     For the x86, some of the options duplicate functions of the `-m'
     switch, but allow finer grained control.  Multiple selections from
     the following may be specified as a comma separated string.
     `x86-64', `i386' and `i8086' select disassembly for the given
     architecture.  `intel' and `att' select between intel syntax mode
     and AT&T syntax mode.  `addr32', `addr16', `data32' and `data16'
     specify the default address size and operand size.  These four
     options will be overridden if `x86-64', `i386' or `i8086' appear
     later in the option string.  Lastly, `suffix', when in AT&T mode,
     instructs the dissassembler to print a mnemonic suffix even when
     the suffix could be inferred by the operands.

     For PPC, `booke', `booke32' and `booke64' select disassembly of
     BookE instructions.  `32' and `64' select PowerPC and PowerPC64
     disassembly, respectively.

`-p'
`--private-headers'
     Print information that is specific to the object file format.  The
     exact information printed depends upon the object file format.
     For some object file formats, no additional information is printed.

`-r'
`--reloc'
     Print the relocation entries of the file.  If used with `-d' or
     `-D', the relocations are printed interspersed with the
     disassembly.

`-R'
`--dynamic-reloc'
     Print the dynamic relocation entries of the file.  This is only
     meaningful for dynamic objects, such as certain types of shared
     libraries.

`-s'
`--full-contents'
     Display the full contents of any sections requested.

`-S'
`--source'
     Display source code intermixed with disassembly, if possible.
     Implies `-d'.

`--show-raw-insn'
     When disassembling instructions, print the instruction in hex as
     well as in symbolic form.  This is the default except when
     `--prefix-addresses' is used.

`--no-show-raw-insn'
     When disassembling instructions, do not print the instruction
     bytes.  This is the default when `--prefix-addresses' is used.

`-G'

`--stabs'
     Display the full contents of any sections requested.  Display the
     contents of the .stab and .stab.index and .stab.excl sections from
     an ELF file.  This is only useful on systems (such as Solaris 2.0)
     in which `.stab' debugging symbol-table entries are carried in an
     ELF section.  In most other file formats, debugging symbol-table
     entries are interleaved with linkage symbols, and are visible in
     the `--syms' output.  For more information on stabs symbols, see
     *Note Stabs: (stabs.info)Top.

`--start-address=ADDRESS'
     Start displaying data at the specified address.  This affects the
     output of the `-d', `-r' and `-s' options.

`--stop-address=ADDRESS'
     Stop displaying data at the specified address.  This affects the
     output of the `-d', `-r' and `-s' options.

`-t'
`--syms'
     Print the symbol table entries of the file.  This is similar to
     the information provided by the `nm' program.

`-T'
`--dynamic-syms'
     Print the dynamic symbol table entries of the file.  This is only
     meaningful for dynamic objects, such as certain types of shared
     libraries.  This is similar to the information provided by the `nm'
     program when given the `-D' (`--dynamic') option.

`--version'
     Print the version number of `objdump' and exit.

`-x'
`--all-header'
     Display all available header information, including the symbol
     table and relocation entries.  Using `-x' is equivalent to
     specifying all of `-a -f -h -r -t'.

`-w'
`--wide'
     Format some lines for output devices that have more than 80
     columns.  Also do not truncate symbol names when they are
     displayed.


File: binutils.info,  Node: ranlib,  Next: readelf,  Prev: objdump,  Up: Top

ranlib
******

     ranlib [`-vV'] ARCHIVE

   `ranlib' generates an index to the contents of an archive and stores
it in the archive.  The index lists each symbol defined by a member of
an archive that is a relocatable object file.

   You may use `nm -s' or `nm --print-armap' to list this index.

   An archive with such an index speeds up linking to the library and
allows routines in the library to call each other without regard to
their placement in the archive.

   The GNU `ranlib' program is another form of GNU `ar'; running
`ranlib' is completely equivalent to executing `ar -s'.  *Note ar::.

`-v'
`-V'
`--version'
     Show the version number of `ranlib'.


File: binutils.info,  Node: size,  Next: strings,  Prev: readelf,  Up: Top

size
****

     size [`-A'|`-B'|`--format='COMPATIBILITY]
          [`--help']
          [`-d'|`-o'|`-x'|`--radix='NUMBER]
          [`-t'|`--totals']
          [`--target='BFDNAME] [`-V'|`--version']
          [OBJFILE...]

   The GNU `size' utility lists the section sizes--and the total
size--for each of the object or archive files OBJFILE in its argument
list.  By default, one line of output is generated for each object file
or each module in an archive.

   OBJFILE... are the object files to be examined.  If none are
specified, the file `a.out' will be used.

   The command line options have the following meanings:

`-A'
`-B'
`--format=COMPATIBILITY'
     Using one of these options, you can choose whether the output from
     GNU `size' resembles output from System V `size' (using `-A', or
     `--format=sysv'), or Berkeley `size' (using `-B', or
     `--format=berkeley').  The default is the one-line format similar
     to Berkeley's.

     Here is an example of the Berkeley (default) format of output from
     `size':
          $ size --format=Berkeley ranlib size
          text    data    bss     dec     hex     filename
          294880  81920   11592   388392  5ed28   ranlib
          294880  81920   11888   388688  5ee50   size

     This is the same data, but displayed closer to System V
     conventions:

          $ size --format=SysV ranlib size
          ranlib  :
          section         size         addr
          .text         294880         8192
          .data          81920       303104
          .bss           11592       385024
          Total         388392
          
          
          size  :
          section         size         addr
          .text         294880         8192
          .data          81920       303104
          .bss           11888       385024
          Total         388688

`--help'
     Show a summary of acceptable arguments and options.

`-d'
`-o'
`-x'
`--radix=NUMBER'
     Using one of these options, you can control whether the size of
     each section is given in decimal (`-d', or `--radix=10'); octal
     (`-o', or `--radix=8'); or hexadecimal (`-x', or `--radix=16').
     In `--radix=NUMBER', only the three values (8, 10, 16) are
     supported.  The total size is always given in two radices; decimal
     and hexadecimal for `-d' or `-x' output, or octal and hexadecimal
     if you're using `-o'.

`-t'
`--totals'
     Show totals of all objects listed (Berkeley format listing mode
     only).

`--target=BFDNAME'
     Specify that the object-code format for OBJFILE is BFDNAME.  This
     option may not be necessary; `size' can automatically recognize
     many formats.  *Note Target Selection::, for more information.

`-V'
`--version'
     Display the version number of `size'.


File: binutils.info,  Node: strings,  Next: strip,  Prev: size,  Up: Top

strings
*******

     strings [`-afov'] [`-'MIN-LEN]
             [`-n' MIN-LEN] [`--bytes='MIN-LEN]
             [`-t' RADIX] [`--radix='RADIX]
             [`-e' ENCODING] [`--encoding='ENCODING]
             [`-'] [`--all'] [`--print-file-name']
             [`--target='BFDNAME]
             [`--help'] [`--version'] FILE...

   For each FILE given, GNU `strings' prints the printable character
sequences that are at least 4 characters long (or the number given with
the options below) and are followed by an unprintable character.  By
default, it only prints the strings from the initialized and loaded
sections of object files; for other types of files, it prints the
strings from the whole file.

   `strings' is mainly useful for determining the contents of non-text
files.

`-a'
`--all'
`-'
     Do not scan only the initialized and loaded sections of object
     files; scan the whole files.

`-f'
`--print-file-name'
     Print the name of the file before each string.

`--help'
     Print a summary of the program usage on the standard output and
     exit.

`-MIN-LEN'
`-n MIN-LEN'
`--bytes=MIN-LEN'
     Print sequences of characters that are at least MIN-LEN characters
     long, instead of the default 4.

`-o'
     Like `-t o'.  Some other versions of `strings' have `-o' act like
     `-t d' instead.  Since we can not be compatible with both ways, we
     simply chose one.

`-t RADIX'
`--radix=RADIX'
     Print the offset within the file before each string.  The single
     character argument specifies the radix of the offset--`o' for
     octal, `x' for hexadecimal, or `d' for decimal.

`-e ENCODING'
`--encoding=ENCODING'
     Select the character encoding of the strings that are to be found.
     Possible values for ENCODING are: `s' = single-byte characters
     (ASCII, ISO 8859, etc., default), `b' = 16-bit Bigendian, `l' =
     16-bit Littleendian, `B' = 32-bit Bigendian, `L' = 32-bit
     Littleendian. Useful for finding wide character strings.

`--target=BFDNAME'
     Specify an object code format other than your system's default
     format.  *Note Target Selection::, for more information.

`-v'
`--version'
     Print the program version number on the standard output and exit.


File: binutils.info,  Node: strip,  Next: c++filt,  Prev: strings,  Up: Top

strip
*****

     strip [`-F' BFDNAME |`--target='BFDNAME ]
           [`-I' BFDNAME |`--input-target='BFDNAME ]
           [`-O' BFDNAME |`--output-target='BFDNAME ]
           [`-s'|`--strip-all'] [`-S'|`-g'|`-d'|`--strip-debug']
           [`-K' SYMBOLNAME |`--keep-symbol='SYMBOLNAME ]
           [`-N' SYMBOLNAME |`--strip-symbol='SYMBOLNAME ]
           [`-x'|`--discard-all' ] [`-X' |`--discard-locals']
           [`-R' SECTIONNAME |`--remove-section='SECTIONNAME ]
           [`-o' FILE ] [`-p'|`--preserve-dates']
           [`-v' |`--verbose']  [`-V'|`--version'] [`--help']
           OBJFILE...

   GNU `strip' discards all symbols from object files OBJFILE.  The
list of object files may include archives.  At least one object file
must be given.

   `strip' modifies the files named in its argument, rather than
writing modified copies under different names.

`-F BFDNAME'
`--target=BFDNAME'
     Treat the original OBJFILE as a file with the object code format
     BFDNAME, and rewrite it in the same format.  *Note Target
     Selection::, for more information.

`--help'
     Show a summary of the options to `strip' and exit.

`-I BFDNAME'
`--input-target=BFDNAME'
     Treat the original OBJFILE as a file with the object code format
     BFDNAME.  *Note Target Selection::, for more information.

`-O BFDNAME'
`--output-target=BFDNAME'
     Replace OBJFILE with a file in the output format BFDNAME.  *Note
     Target Selection::, for more information.

`-R SECTIONNAME'
`--remove-section=SECTIONNAME'
     Remove any section named SECTIONNAME from the output file.  This
     option may be given more than once.  Note that using this option
     inappropriately may make the output file unusable.

`-s'
`--strip-all'
     Remove all symbols.

`-g'
`-S'
`-d'
`--strip-debug'
     Remove debugging symbols only.

`--strip-unneeded'
     Remove all symbols that are not needed for relocation processing.

`-K SYMBOLNAME'
`--keep-symbol=SYMBOLNAME'
     Keep only symbol SYMBOLNAME from the source file.  This option may
     be given more than once.

`-N SYMBOLNAME'
`--strip-symbol=SYMBOLNAME'
     Remove symbol SYMBOLNAME from the source file. This option may be
     given more than once, and may be combined with strip options other
     than `-K'.

`-o FILE'
     Put the stripped output in FILE, rather than replacing the
     existing file.  When this argument is used, only one OBJFILE
     argument may be specified.

`-p'
`--preserve-dates'
     Preserve the access and modification dates of the file.

`-x'
`--discard-all'
     Remove non-global symbols.

`-X'
`--discard-locals'
     Remove compiler-generated local symbols.  (These usually start
     with `L' or `.'.)

`-V'
`--version'
     Show the version number for `strip'.

`-v'
`--verbose'
     Verbose output: list all object files modified.  In the case of
     archives, `strip -v' lists all members of the archive.


File: binutils.info,  Node: c++filt,  Next: addr2line,  Prev: strip,  Up: Top

c++filt
*******

     c++filt [`-_'|`--strip-underscores']
             [`-j'|`--java']
             [`-n'|`--no-strip-underscores']
             [`-s' FORMAT|`--format='FORMAT]
             [`--help']  [`--version']  [SYMBOL...]

   The C++ and Java languages provides function overloading, which means
that you can write many functions with the same name (providing each
takes parameters of different types).  All C++ and Java function names
are encoded into a low-level assembly label (this process is known as
"mangling"). The `c++filt' (1) program does the inverse mapping: it
decodes ("demangles") low-level names into user-level names so that the
linker can keep these overloaded functions from clashing.

   Every alphanumeric word (consisting of letters, digits, underscores,
dollars, or periods) seen in the input is a potential label.  If the
label decodes into a C++ name, the C++ name replaces the low-level name
in the output.

   You can use `c++filt' to decipher individual symbols:

     c++filt SYMBOL

   If no SYMBOL arguments are given, `c++filt' reads symbol names from
the standard input and writes the demangled names to the standard
output.  All results are printed on the standard output.

`-_'
`--strip-underscores'
     On some systems, both the C and C++ compilers put an underscore in
     front of every name.  For example, the C name `foo' gets the
     low-level name `_foo'.  This option removes the initial
     underscore.  Whether `c++filt' removes the underscore by default
     is target dependent.

`-j'
`--java'
     Prints demangled names using Java syntax.  The default is to use
     C++ syntax.

`-n'
`--no-strip-underscores'
     Do not remove the initial underscore.

`-s FORMAT'
`--format=FORMAT'
     GNU `nm' can decode three different methods of mangling, used by
     different C++ compilers.  The argument to this option selects which
     method it uses:

    `gnu'
          the one used by the GNU compiler (the default method)

    `lucid'
          the one used by the Lucid compiler

    `arm'
          the one specified by the C++ Annotated Reference Manual

    `hp'
          the one used by the HP compiler

    `edg'
          the one used by the EDG compiler

    `gnu-new-abi'
          the one used by the GNU compiler with the new ABI.

`--help'
     Print a summary of the options to `c++filt' and exit.

`--version'
     Print the version number of `c++filt' and exit.

     _Warning:_ `c++filt' is a new utility, and the details of its user
     interface are subject to change in future releases.  In particular,
     a command-line option may be required in the the future to decode
     a name passed as an argument on the command line; in other words,

          c++filt SYMBOL

     may in a future release become

          c++filt OPTION SYMBOL

   ---------- Footnotes ----------

   (1) MS-DOS does not allow `+' characters in file names, so on MS-DOS
this program is named `cxxfilt'.


File: binutils.info,  Node: addr2line,  Next: nlmconv,  Prev: c++filt,  Up: Top

addr2line
*********

     addr2line [`-b' BFDNAME|`--target='BFDNAME]
               [`-C'|`--demangle'[=STYLE]]
               [`-e' FILENAME|`--exe='FILENAME]
               [`-f'|`--functions'] [`-s'|`--basename']
               [`-H'|`--help'] [`-V'|`--version']
               [addr addr ...]

   `addr2line' translates program addresses into file names and line
numbers.  Given an address and an executable, it uses the debugging
information in the executable to figure out which file name and line
number are associated with a given address.

   The executable to use is specified with the `-e' option.  The
default is the file `a.out'.

   `addr2line' has two modes of operation.

   In the first, hexadecimal addresses are specified on the command
line, and `addr2line' displays the file name and line number for each
address.

   In the second, `addr2line' reads hexadecimal addresses from standard
input, and prints the file name and line number for each address on
standard output.  In this mode, `addr2line' may be used in a pipe to
convert dynamically chosen addresses.

   The format of the output is `FILENAME:LINENO'.  The file name and
line number for each address is printed on a separate line.  If the
`-f' option is used, then each `FILENAME:LINENO' line is preceded by a
`FUNCTIONNAME' line which is the name of the function containing the
address.

   If the file name or function name can not be determined, `addr2line'
will print two question marks in their place.  If the line number can
not be determined, `addr2line' will print 0.

   The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are
equivalent.

`-b BFDNAME'
`--target=BFDNAME'
     Specify that the object-code format for the object files is
     BFDNAME.

`-C'
`--demangle[=STYLE]'
     Decode ("demangle") low-level symbol names into user-level names.
     Besides removing any initial underscore prepended by the system,
     this makes C++ function names readable.  Different compilers have
     different mangling styles. The optional demangling style argument
     can be used to choose an appropriate demangling style for your
     compiler. *Note c++filt::, for more information on demangling.

`-e FILENAME'
`--exe=FILENAME'
     Specify the name of the executable for which addresses should be
     translated.  The default file is `a.out'.

`-f'
`--functions'
     Display function names as well as file and line number information.

`-s'
`--basenames'
     Display only the base of each file name.


File: binutils.info,  Node: nlmconv,  Next: windres,  Prev: addr2line,  Up: Top

nlmconv
*******

   `nlmconv' converts a relocatable object file into a NetWare Loadable
Module.

     _Warning:_ `nlmconv' is not always built as part of the binary
     utilities, since it is only useful for NLM targets.

     nlmconv [`-I' BFDNAME|`--input-target='BFDNAME]
             [`-O' BFDNAME|`--output-target='BFDNAME]
             [`-T' HEADERFILE|`--header-file='HEADERFILE]
             [`-d'|`--debug'] [`-l' LINKER|`--linker='LINKER]
             [`-h'|`--help'] [`-V'|`--version']
             INFILE OUTFILE

   `nlmconv' converts the relocatable `i386' object file INFILE into
the NetWare Loadable Module OUTFILE, optionally reading HEADERFILE for
NLM header information.  For instructions on writing the NLM command
file language used in header files, see the `linkers' section,
`NLMLINK' in particular, of the `NLM Development and Tools Overview',
which is part of the NLM Software Developer's Kit ("NLM SDK"),
available from Novell, Inc.  `nlmconv' uses the GNU Binary File
Descriptor library to read INFILE; see *Note BFD: (ld.info)BFD, for
more information.

   `nlmconv' can perform a link step.  In other words, you can list
more than one object file for input if you list them in the definitions
file (rather than simply specifying one input file on the command line).
In this case, `nlmconv' calls the linker for you.

`-I BFDNAME'
`--input-target=BFDNAME'
     Object format of the input file.  `nlmconv' can usually determine
     the format of a given file (so no default is necessary).  *Note
     Target Selection::, for more information.

`-O BFDNAME'
`--output-target=BFDNAME'
     Object format of the output file.  `nlmconv' infers the output
     format based on the input format, e.g. for a `i386' input file the
     output format is `nlm32-i386'.  *Note Target Selection::, for more
     information.

`-T HEADERFILE'
`--header-file=HEADERFILE'
     Reads HEADERFILE for NLM header information.  For instructions on
     writing the NLM command file language used in header files, see
     see the `linkers' section, of the `NLM Development and Tools
     Overview', which is part of the NLM Software Developer's Kit,
     available from Novell, Inc.

`-d'
`--debug'
     Displays (on standard error) the linker command line used by
     `nlmconv'.

`-l LINKER'
`--linker=LINKER'
     Use LINKER for any linking.  LINKER can be an absolute or a
     relative pathname.

`-h'
`--help'
     Prints a usage summary.

`-V'
`--version'
     Prints the version number for `nlmconv'.


File: binutils.info,  Node: windres,  Next: dlltool,  Prev: nlmconv,  Up: Top

windres
*******

   `windres' may be used to manipulate Windows resources.

     _Warning:_ `windres' is not always built as part of the binary
     utilities, since it is only useful for Windows targets.

     windres [options] [input-file] [output-file]

   `windres' reads resources from an input file and copies them into an
output file.  Either file may be in one of three formats:

`rc'
     A text format read by the Resource Compiler.

`res'
     A binary format generated by the Resource Compiler.

`coff'
     A COFF object or executable.

   The exact description of these different formats is available in
documentation from Microsoft.

   When `windres' converts from the `rc' format to the `res' format, it
is acting like the Windows Resource Compiler.  When `windres' converts
from the `res' format to the `coff' format, it is acting like the
Windows `CVTRES' program.

   When `windres' generates an `rc' file, the output is similar but not
identical to the format expected for the input.  When an input `rc'
file refers to an external filename, an output `rc' file will instead
include the file contents.

   If the input or output format is not specified, `windres' will guess
based on the file name, or, for the input file, the file contents.  A
file with an extension of `.rc' will be treated as an `rc' file, a file
with an extension of `.res' will be treated as a `res' file, and a file
with an extension of `.o' or `.exe' will be treated as a `coff' file.

   If no output file is specified, `windres' will print the resources
in `rc' format to standard output.

   The normal use is for you to write an `rc' file, use `windres' to
convert it to a COFF object file, and then link the COFF file into your
application.  This will make the resources described in the `rc' file
available to Windows.

`-i FILENAME'
`--input FILENAME'
     The name of the input file.  If this option is not used, then
     `windres' will use the first non-option argument as the input file
     name.  If there are no non-option arguments, then `windres' will
     read from standard input.  `windres' can not read a COFF file from
     standard input.

`-o FILENAME'
`--output FILENAME'
     The name of the output file.  If this option is not used, then
     `windres' will use the first non-option argument, after any used
     for the input file name, as the output file name.  If there is no
     non-option argument, then `windres' will write to standard output.
     `windres' can not write a COFF file to standard output.

`-I FORMAT'
`--input-format FORMAT'
     The input format to read.  FORMAT may be `res', `rc', or `coff'.
     If no input format is specified, `windres' will guess, as
     described above.

`-O FORMAT'
`--output-format FORMAT'
     The output format to generate.  FORMAT may be `res', `rc', or
     `coff'.  If no output format is specified, `windres' will guess,
     as described above.

`-F TARGET'
`--target TARGET'
     Specify the BFD format to use for a COFF file as input or output.
     This is a BFD target name; you can use the `--help' option to see
     a list of supported targets.  Normally `windres' will use the
     default format, which is the first one listed by the `--help'
     option.  *Note Target Selection::.

`--preprocessor PROGRAM'
     When `windres' reads an `rc' file, it runs it through the C
     preprocessor first.  This option may be used to specify the
     preprocessor to use, including any leading arguments.  The default
     preprocessor argument is `gcc -E -xc-header -DRC_INVOKED'.

`--include-dir DIRECTORY'
     Specify an include directory to use when reading an `rc' file.
     `windres' will pass this to the preprocessor as an `-I' option.
     `windres' will also search this directory when looking for files
     named in the `rc' file.

`-D TARGET'
`--define SYM[=VAL]'
     Specify a `-D' option to pass to the preprocessor when reading an
     `rc' file.

`-v'
     Enable verbose mode.  This tells you what the preprocessor is if
     you didn't specify one.

`--language VAL'
     Specify the default language to use when reading an `rc' file.
     VAL should be a hexadecimal language code.  The low eight bits are
     the language, and the high eight bits are the sublanguage.

`--use-temp-file'
     Use a temporary file to instead of using popen to read the output
     of the preprocessor. Use this option if the popen implementation
     is buggy on the host (eg., certain non-English language versions
     of Windows 95 and Windows 98 are known to have buggy popen where
     the output will instead go the console).

`--no-use-temp-file'
     Use popen, not a temporary file, to read the output of the
     preprocessor.  This is the default behaviour.

`--help'
     Prints a usage summary.

`--version'
     Prints the version number for `windres'.

`--yydebug'
     If `windres' is compiled with `YYDEBUG' defined as `1', this will
     turn on parser debugging.


File: binutils.info,  Node: dlltool,  Next: Selecting The Target System,  Prev: windres,  Up: Top

Create files needed to build and use DLLs
*****************************************

   `dlltool' may be used to create the files needed to build and use
dynamic link libraries (DLLs).

     _Warning:_ `dlltool' is not always built as part of the binary
     utilities, since it is only useful for those targets which support
     DLLs.

     dlltool [`-d'|`--input-def' DEF-FILE-NAME]
             [`-b'|`--base-file' BASE-FILE-NAME]
             [`-e'|`--output-exp' EXPORTS-FILE-NAME]
             [`-z'|`--output-def' DEF-FILE-NAME]
             [`-l'|`--output-lib' LIBRARY-FILE-NAME]
             [`--export-all-symbols'] [`--no-export-all-symbols']
             [`--exclude-symbols' LIST]
             [`--no-default-excludes']
             [`-S'|`--as' PATH-TO-ASSEMBLER] [`-f'|`--as-flags' OPTIONS]
             [`-D'|`--dllname' NAME] [`-m'|`--machine' MACHINE]
             [`-a'|`--add-indirect'] [`-U'|`--add-underscore'] [`-k'|`--kill-at']
             [`-A'|`--add-stdcall-alias']
             [`-x'|`--no-idata4'] [`-c'|`--no-idata5'] [`-i'|`--interwork']
             [`-n'|`--nodelete'] [`-v'|`--verbose']
             [`-h'|`--help'] [`-V'|`--version']
             [object-file ...]

   `dlltool' reads its inputs, which can come from the `-d' and `-b'
options as well as object files specified on the command line.  It then
processes these inputs and if the `-e' option has been specified it
creates a exports file.  If the `-l' option has been specified it
creates a library file and if the `-z' option has been specified it
creates a def file.  Any or all of the `-e', `-l' and `-z' options can
be present in one invocation of dlltool.

   When creating a DLL, along with the source for the DLL, it is
necessary to have three other files.  `dlltool' can help with the
creation of these files.

   The first file is a `.def' file which specifies which functions are
exported from the DLL, which functions the DLL imports, and so on.  This
is a text file and can be created by hand, or `dlltool' can be used to
create it using the `-z' option.  In this case `dlltool' will scan the
object files specified on its command line looking for those functions
which have been specially marked as being exported and put entries for
them in the .def file it creates.

   In order to mark a function as being exported from a DLL, it needs to
have an `-export:<name_of_function>' entry in the `.drectve' section of
the object file.  This can be done in C by using the asm() operator:

       asm (".section .drectve");
       asm (".ascii \"-export:my_func\"");
     
       int my_func (void) { ... }

   The second file needed for DLL creation is an exports file.  This
file is linked with the object files that make up the body of the DLL
and it handles the interface between the DLL and the outside world.
This is a binary file and it can be created by giving the `-e' option to
`dlltool' when it is creating or reading in a .def file.

   The third file needed for DLL creation is the library file that
programs will link with in order to access the functions in the DLL.
This file can be created by giving the `-l' option to dlltool when it
is creating or reading in a .def file.

   `dlltool' builds the library file by hand, but it builds the exports
file by creating temporary files containing assembler statements and
then assembling these.  The `-S' command line option can be used to
specify the path to the assembler that dlltool will use, and the `-f'
option can be used to pass specific flags to that assembler.  The `-n'
can be used to prevent dlltool from deleting these temporary assembler
files when it is done, and if `-n' is specified twice then this will
prevent dlltool from deleting the temporary object files it used to
build the library.

   Here is an example of creating a DLL from a source file `dll.c' and
also creating a program (from an object file called `program.o') that
uses that DLL:

       gcc -c dll.c
       dlltool -e exports.o -l dll.lib dll.o
       gcc dll.o exports.o -o dll.dll
       gcc program.o dll.lib -o program

   The command line options have the following meanings:

`-d FILENAME'
`--input-def FILENAME'
     Specifies the name of a .def file to be read in and processed.

`-b FILENAME'
`--base-file FILENAME'
     Specifies the name of a base file to be read in and processed.  The
     contents of this file will be added to the relocation section in
     the exports file generated by dlltool.

`-e FILENAME'
`--output-exp FILENAME'
     Specifies the name of the export file to be created by dlltool.

`-z FILENAME'
`--output-def FILENAME'
     Specifies the name of the .def file to be created by dlltool.

`-l FILENAME'
`--output-lib FILENAME'
     Specifies the name of the library file to be created by dlltool.

`--export-all-symbols'
     Treat all global and weak defined symbols found in the input object
     files as symbols to be exported.  There is a small list of symbols
     which are not exported by default; see the `--no-default-excludes'
     option.  You may add to the list of symbols to not export by using
     the `--exclude-symbols' option.

`--no-export-all-symbols'
     Only export symbols explicitly listed in an input .def file or in
     `.drectve' sections in the input object files.  This is the default
     behaviour.  The `.drectve' sections are created by `dllexport'
     attributes in the source code.

`--exclude-symbols LIST'
     Do not export the symbols in LIST.  This is a list of symbol names
     separated by comma or colon characters.  The symbol names should
     not contain a leading underscore.  This is only meaningful when
     `--export-all-symbols' is used.

`--no-default-excludes'
     When `--export-all-symbols' is used, it will by default avoid
     exporting certain special symbols.  The current list of symbols to
     avoid exporting is `DllMain@12', `DllEntryPoint@0', `impure_ptr'.
     You may use the `--no-default-excludes' option to go ahead and
     export these special symbols.  This is only meaningful when
     `--export-all-symbols' is used.

`-S PATH'
`--as PATH'
     Specifies the path, including the filename, of the assembler to be
     used to create the exports file.

`-f OPTIONS'
`--as-flags OPTIONS'
     Specifies any specific command line options to be passed to the
     assembler when building the exports file.  This option will work
     even if the `-S' option is not used.  This option only takes one
     argument, and if it occurs more than once on the command line,
     then later occurrences will override earlier occurrences.  So if
     it is necessary to pass multiple options to the assembler they
     should be enclosed in double quotes.

`-D NAME'
`--dll-name NAME'
     Specifies the name to be stored in the .def file as the name of
     the DLL when the `-e' option is used.  If this option is not
     present, then the filename given to the `-e' option will be used
     as the name of the DLL.

`-m MACHINE'
`-machine MACHINE'
     Specifies the type of machine for which the library file should be
     built.  `dlltool' has a built in default type, depending upon how
     it was created, but this option can be used to override that.
     This is normally only useful when creating DLLs for an ARM
     processor, when the contents of the DLL are actually encode using
     Thumb instructions.

`-a'
`--add-indirect'
     Specifies that when `dlltool' is creating the exports file it
     should add a section which allows the exported functions to be
     referenced without using the import library.  Whatever the hell
     that means!

`-U'
`--add-underscore'
     Specifies that when `dlltool' is creating the exports file it
     should prepend an underscore to the names of the exported
     functions.

`-k'
`--kill-at'
     Specifies that when `dlltool' is creating the exports file it
     should not append the string `@ <number>'.  These numbers are
     called ordinal numbers and they represent another way of accessing
     the function in a DLL, other than by name.

`-A'
`--add-stdcall-alias'
     Specifies that when `dlltool' is creating the exports file it
     should add aliases for stdcall symbols without `@ <number>' in
     addition to the symbols with `@ <number>'.

`-x'
`--no-idata4'
     Specifies that when `dlltool' is creating the exports and library
     files it should omit the `.idata4' section.  This is for
     compatibility with certain operating systems.

`-c'
`--no-idata5'
     Specifies that when `dlltool' is creating the exports and library
     files it should omit the `.idata5' section.  This is for
     compatibility with certain operating systems.

`-i'
`--interwork'
     Specifies that `dlltool' should mark the objects in the library
     file and exports file that it produces as supporting interworking
     between ARM and Thumb code.

`-n'
`--nodelete'
     Makes `dlltool' preserve the temporary assembler files it used to
     create the exports file.  If this option is repeated then dlltool
     will also preserve the temporary object files it uses to create
     the library file.

`-v'
`--verbose'
     Make dlltool describe what it is doing.

`-h'
`--help'
     Displays a list of command line options and then exits.

`-V'
`--version'
     Displays dlltool's version number and then exits.


File: binutils.info,  Node: readelf,  Next: size,  Prev: ranlib,  Up: Top

readelf
*******

     readelf [`-a'|`--all']
             [`-h'|`--file-header']
             [`-l'|`--program-headers'|`--segments']
             [`-S'|`--section-headers'|`--sections']
             [`-e'|`--headers']
             [`-s'|`--syms'|`--symbols']
             [`-n'|`--notes']
             [`-r'|`--relocs']
             [`-u'|`--unwind']
             [`-d'|`--dynamic']
             [`-V'|`--version-info']
             [`-D'|`--use-dynamic']
             [`-x' <number>|`--hex-dump='<number>]
             [`-w[liaprmfFso]'|`--debug-dump'[=line,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=ranges,=macro,=frames,=str,=loc]]
             [`-histogram']
             [`-v'|`--version']
             [`-W'|`--wide']
             [`-H'|`--help']
             ELFFILE...

   `readelf' displays information about one or more ELF format object
files.  The options control what particular information to display.

   ELFFILE... are the object files to be examined.  At the moment,
`readelf' does not support examining archives, nor does it support
examing 64 bit ELF files.

   The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are
equivalent.  At least one option besides `-v' or `-H' must be given.

`-a'
`--all'
     Equivalent to specifiying `--file-header', `--program-headers',
     `--sections', `--symbols', `--relocs', `--dynamic', `--notes' and
     `--version-info'.

`-h'
`--file-header'
     Displays the information contained in the ELF header at the start
     of the file.

`-l'
`--program-headers'
`--segments'
     Displays the information contained in the file's segment headers,
     if it has any.

`-S'
`--sections'
`--section-headers'
     Displays the information contained in the file's section headers,
     if it has any.

`-s'
`--symbols'
`--syms'
     Displays the entries in symbol table section of the file, if it
     has one.

`-e'
`--headers'
     Display all the headers in the file.  Equivalent to `-h -l -S'.

`-n'
`--notes'
     Displays the contents of the NOTE segment, if it exists.

`-r'
`--relocs'
     Displays the contents of the file's relocation section, if it has
     one.

`-u'
`--unwind'
     Displays the contents of the file's unwind section, if it has one.
     Only the unwind sections for IA64 ELF files are currently
     supported.

`-d'
`--dynamic'
     Displays the contents of the file's dynamic section, if it has one.

`-V'
`--version-info'
     Displays the contents of the version sections in the file, it they
     exist.

`-D'
`--use-dynamic'
     When displaying symbols, this option makes `readelf' use the
     symbol table in the file's dynamic section, rather than the one in
     the symbols section.

`-x <number>'
`--hex-dump=<number>'
     Displays the contents of the indicated section as a hexadecimal
     dump.

`-w[liaprmfFso]'
`--debug-dump[=line,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=ranges,=macro,=frames,=str,=loc]'
     Displays the contents of the debug sections in the file, if any are
     present.  If one of the optional letters or words follows the
     switch then only data found in those specific sections will be
     dumped.

`--histogram'
     Display a histogram of bucket list lengths when displaying the
     contents of the symbol tables.

`-v'
`--version'
     Display the version number of readelf.

`-W'
`--wide'
     Don't break output lines to fit into 80 columns. By default
     `readelf' breaks section header and segment listing lines for
     64-bit ELF files, so that they fit into 80 columns. This option
     causes `readelf' to print each section header resp. each segment
     one a single line, which is far more readable on terminals wider
     than 80 columns.

`-H'
`--help'
     Display the command line options understood by `readelf'.


File: binutils.info,  Node: Selecting The Target System,  Next: Reporting Bugs,  Prev: dlltool,  Up: Top

Selecting the target system
***************************

   You can specify three aspects of the target system to the GNU binary
file utilities, each in several ways:

   * the target

   * the architecture

   * the linker emulation (which applies to the linker only)

   In the following summaries, the lists of ways to specify values are
in order of decreasing precedence.  The ways listed first override those
listed later.

   The commands to list valid values only list the values for which the
programs you are running were configured.  If they were configured with
`--enable-targets=all', the commands list most of the available values,
but a few are left out; not all targets can be configured in at once
because some of them can only be configured "native" (on hosts with the
same type as the target system).

* Menu:

* Target Selection::
* Architecture Selection::
* Linker Emulation Selection::

