# Section 4:
Requirements for Implementations

### 4.1 Language

1. The implementation of the pervasive class BIT shall be such that any array of bits shall be implemented as a sequence of binary digits adjacent to each other in storage. This is required to permit the implementations of library classes to define such a sequence as a single entity which has semantics defined by the features of the class being defined. An implementation is not restricted to this when single binary digits are being manipulated.

   NOTE This requirement is independent of whether or not an implementation includes the Required Library.

2. An implementation of an external class which contains attributes shall so arrange attributes of these in computer storage that they shall be allocated storage in the same order as the sequence of definitions in the corresponding source text. Subject to computer system storage access alignment restrictions, they shall be packed in adjacent storage locations. An implementation shall document any such packing restrictions.

### 4.2 Required Library

1. Numeric Classes - There shall be a mode of operation of the implementation in which any over or underflow of a numeric operation shall raise an exception in respect of the object involved.

   NOTE This does not apply to the class FIELD for which there cannot be under or overflow.

2. Class FLT - An implementation shall implement this class in accordance with the IEEE 754 standard for single length floating point arithmetic. A conforming implementation is required to document the means of providing an indication if some arithmetic error occurs.
3. Class FLTD - An implementation shall implement this class in accordance with the IEEE 754 standard for double length floating point arithmetic. A conforming implementation is required to document the means of providing an indication if some arithmetic error occurs.

### 4.3 Resources

An implementation conforming to this specification shall provide at least two sets of files as described in the following. One set shall be for the default culture specified by ISO/IEC 14652. The second set may be in any culture which is not the default.

1. Message Data Files - a set of files containing all of the values for each enumeration class plus the class BOOL as text strings. The format of these files is described in the Resources documents of this specification. No formatting components are permitted in this group of message files.
2. Implementation Message Files - a set of files containing the text of all the messages (warning, error or informative) required by individual classes forming the implementation. The format of these files is described in the Resources documents of this specification.

### 4.4 Utilities

A conforming implementation shall provide the following utility programs, together with appropriate documentation on their use.

1. Cultural Compiler - this utility is required to prepare cultural specifications from their standard textual specification (see Section 2 for references) into an implementation-dependent form for use when executing Sather programs in the culture specified.
2. Code Converter - this utility shall convert any message file from one encoding to another provided that the characters contained are all contained in both source and target encodings, else an indication shall be given of the characters in the source for which the encoding could not be converted.

### 4.5 Translation

A conforming implementation shall satisfy the following requirements when used in Standard Mode in respect of translation of Sather source text into an executable image.

1. Provide a means for the user to specify the name of the distinguished program class and, in that class, the distinguished program method which is the routine to be used as the program starting point. This shall be documented.
2. Accept the source text of a Sather program as given in the Lexis (Section 5 of this specification).

   NOTE | This requirement is not intended to exclude the possibility that an implementation can accept input from some tokenised form of program or library classes. However, an implementation is required to produce such a tokenised form from original source text in the form specified in the Lexis.

3. In Standard Mode an implementation shall detect and notify the user in a human readable manner any element of a source text which does not conform to the syntax, static semantics and declaration semantics as defined in this document. Any program which fails to meet these criteria shall be deemed invalid and, as such, shall be untranslatable.
A translation of a translatable program shall provide a mechanism whereby any exception raised for which the program does not provide a handler shall be propagated into the environment from which the program was invoked.

NOTE | Such a notification may be handled in the environment in any appropriate way, which may (if a human program user is interacting with that environment) include presentation of a human readable message relating to the exception which occurred.

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Comments or enquiries should be made to Keith Hopper . Page last modified: Wednesday, 17 May 2000. |